Section I · The Japanese Candlestick Bible · Chapter 7
Three-candle patterns
20 three-candle patterns – the stars, the abandoned baby, three soldiers and three crows, three inside and three outside – with built-in confirmation.
Video · 24 min20 patterns5 exercises
Video lesson with voice-over and charts · 24 minEnglish subtitles
Three-candle patterns tell a complete story: beginning, climax and resolution. Because they include built-in confirmation, they're usually more reliable than single-candle and two-candle patterns, at the cost of a later entry.
№
Pattern
Type
Reliability
34
Morning Star
Bullish reversal
★★★★★
35
Evening Star
Bearish reversal
★★★★★
36
Morning Doji Star
Bullish reversal
★★★★★
37
Evening Doji Star
Bearish reversal
★★★★★
38
Bullish Abandoned Baby
Bullish reversal
★★★★★
39
Bearish Abandoned Baby
Bearish reversal
★★★★★
40
Three White Soldiers
Bullish reversal / strength
★★★★☆
41
Three Black Crows
Bearish reversal / strength
★★★★☆
42
Three Inside Up
Bullish reversal
★★★★☆
43
Three Inside Down
Bearish reversal
★★★★☆
44
Three Outside Up
Bullish reversal
★★★★☆
45
Three Outside Down
Bearish reversal
★★★★☆
46
Bullish Tri-Star
Bullish reversal
★★★☆☆
47
Bearish Tri-Star
Bearish reversal
★★★☆☆
48
Advance Block
Bearish reversal (warning)
★★★☆☆
49
Deliberation (Stalled Pattern)
Bearish reversal (warning)
★★☆☆☆
50
Upside Gap Two Crows
Bearish reversal
★★★☆☆
51
Two Crows
Bearish reversal
★★★☆☆
52
Unique Three River Bottom
Bullish reversal
★★☆☆☆
53
Stick Sandwich
Bullish reversal
★★★☆☆
№ 34
Morning Star
Bullish ▲Bullish reversal3 candles★★★★★
Japanese name: ake no myojo
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A three-candle pattern: a long bearish candle, a small candle (the star) with a gap down, and a long bullish candle that closes deep into the body of the first. Like Venus, which rises before the sun – it heralds higher prices.
How to recognize it
Appears after a decline
Candle 1: long bearish body
Candle 2: small body (star), ideally with a gap below candle 1
Candle 3: bullish, closes above the middle of the body of candle 1
The psychology
Candle 1 – sellers dominate. Candle 2 – the market pauses, no one is in control. Candle 3 – buyers take over and push price up. A clear story: strength → indecision → reversal.
How to trade it
Entry
At the close of candle 3 or on a retest of its middle.
Stop-loss
Below the low of the star (candle 2).
Target
The open of candle 1, then the next resistance; 2–3R.
№ 35
Evening Star
Bearish ▼Bearish reversal3 candles★★★★★
Japanese name: yoi no myojo
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A long bullish candle, a small candle (the star) above it, and a long bearish candle that closes deep into the body of the first. The mirror image of the morning star.
How to recognize it
Appears after a rise
Candle 1: long bullish body
Candle 2: small body, ideally with a gap above candle 1
Candle 3: bearish, closes below the middle of the body of candle 1
The psychology
Buyers are at the peak of their strength, then comes a stall, and after that sellers take over decisively. The star is the trend's “last evening”.
How to trade it
Entry
At the close of candle 3 or on a bounce to its middle.
Stop-loss
Above the high of the star.
Target
The open of candle 1, then the next support; 2–3R.
№ 36
Morning Doji Star
Bullish ▲Bullish reversal3 candles★★★★★
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Like the morning star, but the middle candle is a doji. Indecision is at its maximum, so the pattern is slightly stronger.
How to recognize it
Appears after a decline
Candle 1: long bearish body
Candle 2: a doji below the body of candle 1
Candle 3: a strong bullish candle, closes above the middle of candle 1
The psychology
Complete equilibrium after a strong decline, followed by decisive buying.
How to trade it
Entry
At the close of candle 3.
Stop-loss
Below the low of the doji.
Target
2–3R.
№ 37
Evening Doji Star
Bearish ▼Bearish reversal3 candles★★★★★
contextfollow-through
Like the evening star, but the middle candle is a doji.
How to recognize it
Appears after a rise
Candle 1: long bullish body
Candle 2: a doji above the body of candle 1
Candle 3: strong bearish, closes below the middle of candle 1
The psychology
Buyers reach the top, the market freezes, then sellers take over decisively.
How to trade it
Entry
At the close of candle 3.
Stop-loss
Above the high of the doji.
Target
2–3R.
№ 38
Bullish Abandoned Baby
Bullish ▲Bullish reversal3 candles★★★★★
Japanese name: sutego
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A rare and very strong pattern: a bearish candle, a doji with a gap down (its wicks don't touch the other candles) and a bullish candle with a gap up. The doji is left “abandoned”, alone on the island.
How to recognize it
Appears after a decline
Candle 1: bearish
Candle 2: a doji whose high is below the low of candle 1 (gap)
Candle 3: bullish, with its low above the high of the doji (gap)
The psychology
Panic peaks with the gap down, the market freezes, and then buyers come back so strongly that they open with a gap up. Everyone who sold at the bottom is trapped.
How to trade it
Entry
At the close of candle 3.
Stop-loss
Below the low of the doji.
Target
2–3R+.
№ 39
Bearish Abandoned Baby
Bearish ▼Bearish reversal3 candles★★★★★
Japanese name: sutego
contextfollow-through
A bullish candle, a doji with a gap up and a bearish candle with a gap down. The doji is “abandoned” above the market.
How to recognize it
Appears after a rise
Candle 1: bullish
Candle 2: a doji with its low above the high of candle 1
Candle 3: bearish, with its high below the doji's low
The psychology
Euphoria (gap up), a stall and panic (gap down). Those who bought at the top are trapped.
Three consecutive long bearish candles, each opening within the body of the previous one and closing at a new low near its bottom.
How to recognize it
Appears after a rise
Three long bearish candles
Each opens within the body of the previous one
Each closes near its low
The psychology
Sellers dominate three periods in a row. The “crows” land at the top – a grim omen for buyers.
How to trade it
Entry
On a bounce to the middle of the third candle.
Stop-loss
Above the middle of the first candle or above the pattern's high.
Target
Next major support.
№ 42
Three Inside Up
Bullish ▲Bullish reversal3 candles★★★★★
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A bullish harami confirmed by a third bullish candle that closes above the high (the open) of the first candle.
How to recognize it
Candles 1 and 2 form a bullish harami
Candle 3: bullish, closes above the open of candle 1
Appears after a decline
The psychology
The harami shows the trend stopping, and the third candle proves that buyers have taken control. This is the “confirmed harami”.
How to trade it
Entry
At the close of candle 3.
Stop-loss
Below the low of candle 1.
Target
2R.
№ 43
Three Inside Down
Bearish ▼Bearish reversal3 candles★★★★★
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A bearish harami confirmed by a third bearish candle that closes below the low (the open) of the first candle.
How to recognize it
Candles 1 and 2 form a bearish harami
Candle 3: bearish, closes below the open of candle 1
Appears after a rise
The psychology
The market stalls, then sellers prove their control by wiping out the entire rise of candle 1.
How to trade it
Entry
At the close of candle 3.
Stop-loss
Above the high of candle 1.
Target
2R.
№ 44
Three Outside Up
Bullish ▲Bullish reversal3 candles★★★★★
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A bullish engulfing confirmed by a third bullish candle closing at a new high.
How to recognize it
Candles 1 and 2 form a bullish engulfing
Candle 3: bullish, closes above the close of candle 2
The psychology
The reversal from the engulfing gets follow-through – buyers not only take control but also hold on to it.
How to trade it
Entry
At the close of candle 3 or on a retest.
Stop-loss
Below the pattern's low.
Target
2–3R.
№ 45
Three Outside Down
Bearish ▼Bearish reversal3 candles★★★★★
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A bearish engulfing confirmed by a third bearish candle closing at a new low.
How to recognize it
Candles 1 and 2 form a bearish engulfing
Candle 3: bearish, closes below the close of candle 2
The psychology
Sellers take control and confirm it right away.
How to trade it
Entry
At the close of candle 3 or on a bounce.
Stop-loss
Above the pattern's high.
Target
2–3R.
№ 46
Bullish Tri-Star
Bullish ▲Bullish reversal3 candles★★★★★
contextfollow-through
Three consecutive dojis, with the middle one below the other two. An extremely rare pattern of total exhaustion.
How to recognize it
Appears after a prolonged decline
Three dojis
The middle doji gaps below the first and the third
The psychology
For three periods in a row the market can't make up its mind, and the middle doji marks the bottom. Sellers are completely spent.
How to trade it
Entry
Above the high of the third doji.
Stop-loss
Below the low of the middle doji.
Target
2R.
№ 47
Bearish Tri-Star
Bearish ▼Bearish reversal3 candles★★★★★
contextfollow-through
Three dojis, with the middle one above the other two. The mirror image of the bullish tri-star.
How to recognize it
Appears after a prolonged rise
Three dojis
The middle one gaps above the first and the third
The psychology
Buyers run out of strength at the top – three periods of indecision, then down.
How to trade it
Entry
Below the low of the third doji.
Stop-loss
Above the high of the middle doji.
Target
2R.
№ 48
Advance Block
Bearish ▼Bearish reversal (warning)3 candles★★★★★
Japanese name: sakizumari
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Three bullish candles similar to the three soldiers, but their bodies shrink and the upper wicks get longer. The advance is losing strength.
How to recognize it
Uptrend
Three bullish candles with new highs
Each body is smaller than the one before
The upper wicks get longer (especially on the 2nd and 3rd)
The psychology
Buyers are still lifting price, but each new effort achieves less, and sellers reject the highs more and more strongly. Exhaustion.
How to trade it
Entry
Below the low of the third candle, after a bearish confirmation candle.
Stop-loss
Above the pattern's high.
Target
The start of the pattern or 2R.
№ 49
Deliberation (Stalled Pattern)
Deliberation / Stalled Pattern
Bearish ▼Bearish reversal (warning)3 candles★★★★★
Japanese name: shian boshi
contextfollow-through
Two long bullish candles followed by a small candle (often a spinning top or a star) near the close of the second. The advance stalls.
How to recognize it
Uptrend
Candles 1 and 2: long bullish
Candle 3: small body, opens at or near the close of candle 2
The psychology
Buyers suddenly stop pushing – the market is “deliberating”. Time for caution.
How to trade it
Entry
Below the low of candle 3 after confirmation.
Stop-loss
Above the pattern's high.
Target
2R.
№ 50
Upside Gap Two Crows
Bearish ▼Bearish reversal3 candles★★★★★
contextfollow-through
A long bullish candle, a small bearish candle with a gap up, and a second bearish candle that engulfs it but closes above the close of the first candle (the gap stays open).
How to recognize it
Uptrend
Candle 1: long bullish
Candle 2: small bearish, with a gap up
Candle 3: bearish, engulfs candle 2, closes above the close of candle 1
The psychology
Two “crows” land above the market. Despite the gap up, buyers can't hold the high prices – price closes lower twice in a row.
How to trade it
Entry
Below the close of candle 1 (as the gap fills).
Stop-loss
Above the pattern's high.
Target
2R.
№ 51
Two Crows
Bearish ▼Bearish reversal3 candles★★★★★
contextfollow-through
Like the previous pattern, but the third candle closes deep inside the body of the first – the gap is filled.
How to recognize it
Uptrend
Candle 1: long bullish
Candle 2: small bearish, with a gap up
Candle 3: bearish, opens within the body of candle 2 and closes within the body of candle 1
The psychology
The gap up is wiped out and buyers lose all momentum. The reversal is clearer.
How to trade it
Entry
At the close of candle 3.
Stop-loss
Above the high of candle 2.
Target
2R.
№ 52
Unique Three River Bottom
Bullish ▲Bullish reversal3 candles★★★★★
contextfollow-through
A long bearish candle, a bearish harami with a very long lower wick (a new low) and a small bullish candle below the close of the second.
How to recognize it
Downtrend
Candle 1: long bearish
Candle 2: small bearish body inside candle 1, but with a new low (long lower wick)
Candle 3: small bullish, closes below the close of candle 2
The psychology
Sellers make one last attempt at a new low, but it is rejected (the lower wick), and the market stabilizes.
How to trade it
Entry
Above the high of candle 2 after confirmation.
Stop-loss
Below the low of candle 2.
Target
2R.
№ 53
Stick Sandwich
Bullish ▲Bullish reversal3 candles★★★★★
contextfollow-through
Two bearish candles with equal closes and a bullish candle between them. The equal closes form support.
How to recognize it
Downtrend
Candle 1: bearish
Candle 2: bullish, trades above the close of candle 1
Candle 3: bearish, closes at the level of candle 1's close
The psychology
Sellers close at exactly the same level twice and fail to break it – support forms.
How to trade it
Entry
Above the high of candle 3 after confirmation.
Stop-loss
Below the lows.
Target
2R.
Exercises
Test yourself on the chart
0 of 5 correct
1Where is price more likely to go after these candles?
2Tap any candle of the “Bullish Abandoned Baby” pattern on the chart.
Tap a candle on the chart.
3“Morning Star”: you go long (buy) at the close. Where do you put the stop-loss?
Tap the chart where you would put the stop-loss.
4Where is price more likely to go after these candles?
5What is the pattern in the frame called?
Key points
Three-candle patterns tell a complete story: strength, hesitation, reversal.
The morning and evening stars are among the most reliable reversal patterns (5 out of 5).
The built-in confirmation raises reliability at the cost of a later entry.
In gold a real gap is rare – the stars count even without a perfect gap.